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:''Duncan II redirects here. It can also refer to Duncan II of Fife.'' Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim (Modern Gaelic: ''Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim'';〔''Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim'' is the Mediaeval Gaelic form.〕 anglicised as Duncan II; before c. 1060 – 12 November 1094) was king of Scots. He was son of Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) and his first wife Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson. ==Early life== The identity of Duncan's mother is given by the Orkneyinga saga, which records the marriage of Malcolm and Ingibiorg, and then mentions "''their son was Duncan, King of Scots, father of William''". Duncan II got his name from that of his grandfather, Duncan I of Scotland. However Ingibiorg is never mentioned by primary sources written by Scottish and English chroniclers. She might have been a concubine or have a marriage not recognized by the church.〔.〕 William of Malmesbury calls Duncan an illegitimate son of Malcolm III.〔.〕 This account influenced a number of Medieval commentators, who also dismissed Duncan as an illegitimate son. But this claim is propaganda reflecting the need of Malcolm's descendants by Margaret to undermine the claims of Duncan's descendants, the Meic Uilleim.〔.; .; .〕 There is no primary source which would indicate that Duncan was ever excluded from the royal succession.〔 Duncan was given into the keeping of William I of England in 1072 as a hostage. The Annals of Ulster note that "''French went into Scotland and brought away the son of the king of Scotland as hostage''". The French of the text were actually the Normans. The primary source does not identify Duncan by name, but his known half-brothers were at the time either infants or yet to be born.〔 The context of this event was the initial conflict between Malcolm III and William I. Edgar Ætheling, the last remaining male member of the English royal family had fled to Scotland, in 1068, seeking protection from the invading Normans.〔Stenton. Anglo-Saxon England. p. 606〕 Edgar sought Malcolm's assistance in his struggle against William.〔Horspool. The English Rebel. p. 10.〕 The relationship was reinforced when Malcolm married the Ætheling's sister, Margaret, in 1071.〔 The Norman conquest of England also involved William securing control over the areas of Northumbria. Malcolm probably perceived this move as a threat to his own areas of Cumbria and Lothian. In 1070, possibly claiming he was redressing the wrongs against his brother-in-law, Malcolm responded with a "''savage raid''" of Northern England.〔Poole, From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087–1216, 2nd ed. (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 265〕 The formal link between the royal house of Scotland and Wessex and Malcolms forays in northern England, was an obvious threat to William who in 1072, counter-attacked with a full-scale invasion of southern Scotland. Pursuing the retreating Malcolm to Abernethy. The resulting Treaty of Abernethy forced Malcolm to become a vassal to his rival. A response to the harsh reality that the armed forces of Malcolm had met their match. One of the conditions of the agreement was the expulsion of Edgar Ætheling from the Scottish court. The offering of Duncan, his eldest son, as a hostage was probably another term of the treaty.〔Huscroft. ''Ruling England, 1042–1217.'' p. 61〕 Duncan was raised in the Anglo-Norman court of William I, becoming familiar with the culture, education, and institutions of his hosts. Trained as a Norman knight, and participating in the campaigns of William I.〔.〕 In 1087, William I died, and his eldest surviving son Robert Curthose succeeded him as Duke of Normandy. According to Florence of Worcester, Robert released Duncan from custody and had him officially knighted. Duncan was allowed to leave the Duchy of Normandy. He chose to join the court of William II of England, younger brother to Robert.〔〔.〕 His father, who had many sons, appears to have made no effort to obtain Duncan's return. Edward, the eldest paternal, half-brother of Duncan had been designated heir in his absence. Duncan notably chose to stay with his adoptive culture. Partly due to the influence of 15-years of Norman life, partly in pursuit of personal wealth and glory.〔 In 1092, hostilities between Malcolm III and William II were ongoing. William II managed to capture Carlisle, a major settlement of Cumbria. In 1093, William started construction of Carlisle Castle. Malcolm reacted by leading his last raid into Northumberland.〔 While marching north again, Malcolm was ambushed by Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria, whose lands he had devastated, near Alnwick on 13 November 1093. There he was killed by Arkil Morel, steward of Bamburgh Castle. The conflict became known as the Battle of Alnwick.〔The Annals of Innisfallen say he "was slain with his son in an unguarded moment in battle".〕 Edward was mortally wounded in the same fight. Malcolm's consort Margaret, it is said, died soon after receiving the news of their deaths from her son Edgar.〔.; .〕 The resulting power vacuum allowed Donalbane (Domnall Bán mac Donnchada), younger brother of Malcolm, to seize the throne. Reigning as Donald III, the new monarch represented the interests of "''a resentful native aristocracy''", driving out the Anglo-Saxons and Normans who had staffed the court of Malcolm and Margaret.〔 The event allowed Duncan to lay claim to the throne, attempting to depose his uncle. He had the support of William II, in exchange of an oath of fealty to his patron.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「:'''''Duncan II''' redirects here. It can also refer to Duncan II of Fife.'''''Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim''' (Modern Gaelic: ''Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim'';''Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim'' is the Mediaeval Gaelic form. anglicised as '''Duncan II'''; before c. 1060 – 12 November 1094) was king of Scots. He was son of Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) and his first wife Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson.==Early life==The identity of Duncan's mother is given by the Orkneyinga saga, which records the marriage of Malcolm and Ingibiorg, and then mentions "''their son was Duncan, King of Scots, father of William''". Duncan II got his name from that of his grandfather, Duncan I of Scotland. However Ingibiorg is never mentioned by primary sources written by Scottish and English chroniclers. She might have been a concubine or have a marriage not recognized by the church.. William of Malmesbury calls Duncan an illegitimate son of Malcolm III.. This account influenced a number of Medieval commentators, who also dismissed Duncan as an illegitimate son. But this claim is propaganda reflecting the need of Malcolm's descendants by Margaret to undermine the claims of Duncan's descendants, the Meic Uilleim..; .; . There is no primary source which would indicate that Duncan was ever excluded from the royal succession.Duncan was given into the keeping of William I of England in 1072 as a hostage. The Annals of Ulster note that "''French went into Scotland and brought away the son of the king of Scotland as hostage''". The French of the text were actually the Normans. The primary source does not identify Duncan by name, but his known half-brothers were at the time either infants or yet to be born. The context of this event was the initial conflict between Malcolm III and William I. Edgar Ætheling, the last remaining male member of the English royal family had fled to Scotland, in 1068, seeking protection from the invading Normans.Stenton. Anglo-Saxon England. p. 606 Edgar sought Malcolm's assistance in his struggle against William.Horspool. The English Rebel. p. 10. The relationship was reinforced when Malcolm married the Ætheling's sister, Margaret, in 1071. The Norman conquest of England also involved William securing control over the areas of Northumbria. Malcolm probably perceived this move as a threat to his own areas of Cumbria and Lothian. In 1070, possibly claiming he was redressing the wrongs against his brother-in-law, Malcolm responded with a "''savage raid''" of Northern England.Poole, From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087–1216, 2nd ed. (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 265The formal link between the royal house of Scotland and Wessex and Malcolms forays in northern England, was an obvious threat to William who in 1072, counter-attacked with a full-scale invasion of southern Scotland. Pursuing the retreating Malcolm to Abernethy. The resulting Treaty of Abernethy forced Malcolm to become a vassal to his rival. A response to the harsh reality that the armed forces of Malcolm had met their match. One of the conditions of the agreement was the expulsion of Edgar Ætheling from the Scottish court. The offering of Duncan, his eldest son, as a hostage was probably another term of the treaty.Huscroft. ''Ruling England, 1042–1217.'' p. 61Duncan was raised in the Anglo-Norman court of William I, becoming familiar with the culture, education, and institutions of his hosts. Trained as a Norman knight, and participating in the campaigns of William I.. In 1087, William I died, and his eldest surviving son Robert Curthose succeeded him as Duke of Normandy. According to Florence of Worcester, Robert released Duncan from custody and had him officially knighted. Duncan was allowed to leave the Duchy of Normandy. He chose to join the court of William II of England, younger brother to Robert.. His father, who had many sons, appears to have made no effort to obtain Duncan's return. Edward, the eldest paternal, half-brother of Duncan had been designated heir in his absence. Duncan notably chose to stay with his adoptive culture. Partly due to the influence of 15-years of Norman life, partly in pursuit of personal wealth and glory.In 1092, hostilities between Malcolm III and William II were ongoing. William II managed to capture Carlisle, a major settlement of Cumbria. In 1093, William started construction of Carlisle Castle. Malcolm reacted by leading his last raid into Northumberland. While marching north again, Malcolm was ambushed by Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria, whose lands he had devastated, near Alnwick on 13 November 1093. There he was killed by Arkil Morel, steward of Bamburgh Castle. The conflict became known as the Battle of Alnwick.The Annals of Innisfallen say he "was slain with his son in an unguarded moment in battle". Edward was mortally wounded in the same fight. Malcolm's consort Margaret, it is said, died soon after receiving the news of their deaths from her son Edgar..; . The resulting power vacuum allowed Donalbane (Domnall Bán mac Donnchada), younger brother of Malcolm, to seize the throne. Reigning as Donald III, the new monarch represented the interests of "''a resentful native aristocracy''", driving out the Anglo-Saxons and Normans who had staffed the court of Malcolm and Margaret. The event allowed Duncan to lay claim to the throne, attempting to depose his uncle. He had the support of William II, in exchange of an oath of fealty to his patron.」の詳細全文を読む :''Duncan II redirects here. It can also refer to Duncan II of Fife.'' Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim (Modern Gaelic: ''Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim'';〔''Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim'' is the Mediaeval Gaelic form.〕 anglicised as Duncan II; before c. 1060 – 12 November 1094) was king of Scots. He was son of Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) and his first wife Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson. ==Early life== The identity of Duncan's mother is given by the Orkneyinga saga, which records the marriage of Malcolm and Ingibiorg, and then mentions "''their son was Duncan, King of Scots, father of William''". Duncan II got his name from that of his grandfather, Duncan I of Scotland. However Ingibiorg is never mentioned by primary sources written by Scottish and English chroniclers. She might have been a concubine or have a marriage not recognized by the church.〔.〕 William of Malmesbury calls Duncan an illegitimate son of Malcolm III.〔.〕 This account influenced a number of Medieval commentators, who also dismissed Duncan as an illegitimate son. But this claim is propaganda reflecting the need of Malcolm's descendants by Margaret to undermine the claims of Duncan's descendants, the Meic Uilleim.〔.; .; .〕 There is no primary source which would indicate that Duncan was ever excluded from the royal succession.〔 Duncan was given into the keeping of William I of England in 1072 as a hostage. The Annals of Ulster note that "''French went into Scotland and brought away the son of the king of Scotland as hostage''". The French of the text were actually the Normans. The primary source does not identify Duncan by name, but his known half-brothers were at the time either infants or yet to be born.〔 The context of this event was the initial conflict between Malcolm III and William I. Edgar Ætheling, the last remaining male member of the English royal family had fled to Scotland, in 1068, seeking protection from the invading Normans.〔Stenton. Anglo-Saxon England. p. 606〕 Edgar sought Malcolm's assistance in his struggle against William.〔Horspool. The English Rebel. p. 10.〕 The relationship was reinforced when Malcolm married the Ætheling's sister, Margaret, in 1071.〔 The Norman conquest of England also involved William securing control over the areas of Northumbria. Malcolm probably perceived this move as a threat to his own areas of Cumbria and Lothian. In 1070, possibly claiming he was redressing the wrongs against his brother-in-law, Malcolm responded with a "''savage raid''" of Northern England.〔Poole, From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087–1216, 2nd ed. (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 265〕 The formal link between the royal house of Scotland and Wessex and Malcolms forays in northern England, was an obvious threat to William who in 1072, counter-attacked with a full-scale invasion of southern Scotland. Pursuing the retreating Malcolm to Abernethy. The resulting Treaty of Abernethy forced Malcolm to become a vassal to his rival. A response to the harsh reality that the armed forces of Malcolm had met their match. One of the conditions of the agreement was the expulsion of Edgar Ætheling from the Scottish court. The offering of Duncan, his eldest son, as a hostage was probably another term of the treaty.〔Huscroft. ''Ruling England, 1042–1217.'' p. 61〕 Duncan was raised in the Anglo-Norman court of William I, becoming familiar with the culture, education, and institutions of his hosts. Trained as a Norman knight, and participating in the campaigns of William I.〔.〕 In 1087, William I died, and his eldest surviving son Robert Curthose succeeded him as Duke of Normandy. According to Florence of Worcester, Robert released Duncan from custody and had him officially knighted. Duncan was allowed to leave the Duchy of Normandy. He chose to join the court of William II of England, younger brother to Robert.〔〔.〕 His father, who had many sons, appears to have made no effort to obtain Duncan's return. Edward, the eldest paternal, half-brother of Duncan had been designated heir in his absence. Duncan notably chose to stay with his adoptive culture. Partly due to the influence of 15-years of Norman life, partly in pursuit of personal wealth and glory.〔 In 1092, hostilities between Malcolm III and William II were ongoing. William II managed to capture Carlisle, a major settlement of Cumbria. In 1093, William started construction of Carlisle Castle. Malcolm reacted by leading his last raid into Northumberland.〔 While marching north again, Malcolm was ambushed by Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria, whose lands he had devastated, near Alnwick on 13 November 1093. There he was killed by Arkil Morel, steward of Bamburgh Castle. The conflict became known as the Battle of Alnwick.〔The Annals of Innisfallen say he "was slain with his son in an unguarded moment in battle".〕 Edward was mortally wounded in the same fight. Malcolm's consort Margaret, it is said, died soon after receiving the news of their deaths from her son Edgar.〔.; .〕 The resulting power vacuum allowed Donalbane (Domnall Bán mac Donnchada), younger brother of Malcolm, to seize the throne. Reigning as Donald III, the new monarch represented the interests of "''a resentful native aristocracy''", driving out the Anglo-Saxons and Normans who had staffed the court of Malcolm and Margaret.〔 The event allowed Duncan to lay claim to the throne, attempting to depose his uncle. He had the support of William II, in exchange of an oath of fealty to his patron.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「:''Duncan II redirects here. It can also refer to Duncan II of Fife.''Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim (Modern Gaelic: ''Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim'';''Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim'' is the Mediaeval Gaelic form. anglicised as Duncan II'''; before c. 1060 – 12 November 1094) was king of Scots. He was son of Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) and his first wife Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson.==Early life==The identity of Duncan's mother is given by the Orkneyinga saga, which records the marriage of Malcolm and Ingibiorg, and then mentions "''their son was Duncan, King of Scots, father of William''". Duncan II got his name from that of his grandfather, Duncan I of Scotland. However Ingibiorg is never mentioned by primary sources written by Scottish and English chroniclers. She might have been a concubine or have a marriage not recognized by the church.. William of Malmesbury calls Duncan an illegitimate son of Malcolm III.. This account influenced a number of Medieval commentators, who also dismissed Duncan as an illegitimate son. But this claim is propaganda reflecting the need of Malcolm's descendants by Margaret to undermine the claims of Duncan's descendants, the Meic Uilleim..; .; . There is no primary source which would indicate that Duncan was ever excluded from the royal succession.Duncan was given into the keeping of William I of England in 1072 as a hostage. The Annals of Ulster note that "''French went into Scotland and brought away the son of the king of Scotland as hostage''". The French of the text were actually the Normans. The primary source does not identify Duncan by name, but his known half-brothers were at the time either infants or yet to be born. The context of this event was the initial conflict between Malcolm III and William I. Edgar Ætheling, the last remaining male member of the English royal family had fled to Scotland, in 1068, seeking protection from the invading Normans.Stenton. Anglo-Saxon England. p. 606 Edgar sought Malcolm's assistance in his struggle against William.Horspool. The English Rebel. p. 10. The relationship was reinforced when Malcolm married the Ætheling's sister, Margaret, in 1071. The Norman conquest of England also involved William securing control over the areas of Northumbria. Malcolm probably perceived this move as a threat to his own areas of Cumbria and Lothian. In 1070, possibly claiming he was redressing the wrongs against his brother-in-law, Malcolm responded with a "''savage raid''" of Northern England.Poole, From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087–1216, 2nd ed. (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 265The formal link between the royal house of Scotland and Wessex and Malcolms forays in northern England, was an obvious threat to William who in 1072, counter-attacked with a full-scale invasion of southern Scotland. Pursuing the retreating Malcolm to Abernethy. The resulting Treaty of Abernethy forced Malcolm to become a vassal to his rival. A response to the harsh reality that the armed forces of Malcolm had met their match. One of the conditions of the agreement was the expulsion of Edgar Ætheling from the Scottish court. The offering of Duncan, his eldest son, as a hostage was probably another term of the treaty.Huscroft. ''Ruling England, 1042–1217.'' p. 61Duncan was raised in the Anglo-Norman court of William I, becoming familiar with the culture, education, and institutions of his hosts. Trained as a Norman knight, and participating in the campaigns of William I.. In 1087, William I died, and his eldest surviving son Robert Curthose succeeded him as Duke of Normandy. According to Florence of Worcester, Robert released Duncan from custody and had him officially knighted. Duncan was allowed to leave the Duchy of Normandy. He chose to join the court of William II of England, younger brother to Robert.. His father, who had many sons, appears to have made no effort to obtain Duncan's return. Edward, the eldest paternal, half-brother of Duncan had been designated heir in his absence. Duncan notably chose to stay with his adoptive culture. Partly due to the influence of 15-years of Norman life, partly in pursuit of personal wealth and glory.In 1092, hostilities between Malcolm III and William II were ongoing. William II managed to capture Carlisle, a major settlement of Cumbria. In 1093, William started construction of Carlisle Castle. Malcolm reacted by leading his last raid into Northumberland. While marching north again, Malcolm was ambushed by Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria, whose lands he had devastated, near Alnwick on 13 November 1093. There he was killed by Arkil Morel, steward of Bamburgh Castle. The conflict became known as the Battle of Alnwick.The Annals of Innisfallen say he "was slain with his son in an unguarded moment in battle". Edward was mortally wounded in the same fight. Malcolm's consort Margaret, it is said, died soon after receiving the news of their deaths from her son Edgar..; . The resulting power vacuum allowed Donalbane (Domnall Bán mac Donnchada), younger brother of Malcolm, to seize the throne. Reigning as Donald III, the new monarch represented the interests of "''a resentful native aristocracy''", driving out the Anglo-Saxons and Normans who had staffed the court of Malcolm and Margaret. The event allowed Duncan to lay claim to the throne, attempting to depose his uncle. He had the support of William II, in exchange of an oath of fealty to his patron.」の詳細全文を読む Duncan II'''; before c. 1060 – 12 November 1094) was king of Scots. He was son of Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) and his first wife Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson.==Early life==The identity of Duncan's mother is given by the Orkneyinga saga, which records the marriage of Malcolm and Ingibiorg, and then mentions "''their son was Duncan, King of Scots, father of William''". Duncan II got his name from that of his grandfather, Duncan I of Scotland. However Ingibiorg is never mentioned by primary sources written by Scottish and English chroniclers. She might have been a concubine or have a marriage not recognized by the church.. William of Malmesbury calls Duncan an illegitimate son of Malcolm III.. This account influenced a number of Medieval commentators, who also dismissed Duncan as an illegitimate son. But this claim is propaganda reflecting the need of Malcolm's descendants by Margaret to undermine the claims of Duncan's descendants, the Meic Uilleim..; .; . There is no primary source which would indicate that Duncan was ever excluded from the royal succession.Duncan was given into the keeping of William I of England in 1072 as a hostage. The Annals of Ulster note that "''French went into Scotland and brought away the son of the king of Scotland as hostage''". The French of the text were actually the Normans. The primary source does not identify Duncan by name, but his known half-brothers were at the time either infants or yet to be born. The context of this event was the initial conflict between Malcolm III and William I. Edgar Ætheling, the last remaining male member of the English royal family had fled to Scotland, in 1068, seeking protection from the invading Normans.Stenton. Anglo-Saxon England. p. 606 Edgar sought Malcolm's assistance in his struggle against William.Horspool. The English Rebel. p. 10. The relationship was reinforced when Malcolm married the Ætheling's sister, Margaret, in 1071. The Norman conquest of England also involved William securing control over the areas of Northumbria. Malcolm probably perceived this move as a threat to his own areas of Cumbria and Lothian. In 1070, possibly claiming he was redressing the wrongs against his brother-in-law, Malcolm responded with a "''savage raid''" of Northern England.Poole, From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087–1216, 2nd ed. (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 265The formal link between the royal house of Scotland and Wessex and Malcolms forays in northern England, was an obvious threat to William who in 1072, counter-attacked with a full-scale invasion of southern Scotland. Pursuing the retreating Malcolm to Abernethy. The resulting Treaty of Abernethy forced Malcolm to become a vassal to his rival. A response to the harsh reality that the armed forces of Malcolm had met their match. One of the conditions of the agreement was the expulsion of Edgar Ætheling from the Scottish court. The offering of Duncan, his eldest son, as a hostage was probably another term of the treaty.Huscroft. ''Ruling England, 1042–1217.'' p. 61Duncan was raised in the Anglo-Norman court of William I, becoming familiar with the culture, education, and institutions of his hosts. Trained as a Norman knight, and participating in the campaigns of William I.. In 1087, William I died, and his eldest surviving son Robert Curthose succeeded him as Duke of Normandy. According to Florence of Worcester, Robert released Duncan from custody and had him officially knighted. Duncan was allowed to leave the Duchy of Normandy. He chose to join the court of William II of England, younger brother to Robert.. His father, who had many sons, appears to have made no effort to obtain Duncan's return. Edward, the eldest paternal, half-brother of Duncan had been designated heir in his absence. Duncan notably chose to stay with his adoptive culture. Partly due to the influence of 15-years of Norman life, partly in pursuit of personal wealth and glory.In 1092, hostilities between Malcolm III and William II were ongoing. William II managed to capture Carlisle, a major settlement of Cumbria. In 1093, William started construction of Carlisle Castle. Malcolm reacted by leading his last raid into Northumberland. While marching north again, Malcolm was ambushed by Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria, whose lands he had devastated, near Alnwick on 13 November 1093. There he was killed by Arkil Morel, steward of Bamburgh Castle. The conflict became known as the Battle of Alnwick.The Annals of Innisfallen say he "was slain with his son in an unguarded moment in battle". Edward was mortally wounded in the same fight. Malcolm's consort Margaret, it is said, died soon after receiving the news of their deaths from her son Edgar..; . The resulting power vacuum allowed Donalbane (Domnall Bán mac Donnchada), younger brother of Malcolm, to seize the throne. Reigning as Donald III, the new monarch represented the interests of "''a resentful native aristocracy''", driving out the Anglo-Saxons and Normans who had staffed the court of Malcolm and Margaret. The event allowed Duncan to lay claim to the throne, attempting to depose his uncle. He had the support of William II, in exchange of an oath of fealty to his patron.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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